🤡Operators

Operators are the constructs that can manipulate the value of operands. Operators are used to performing operations on variables and values.

R divides the operators into the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators

• Assignment operators

• Comparison operators

• Logical operators

• Miscellaneous operators

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Name	Example
+	Addition	x + y
-	Subtraction	x - y
*	Multiplication	x * y
/	Division	x / y
^	Exponent	x ^ y
%%	Modulus (Remainder from division)	x %% y
%/%	Integer Division	x%/%y

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assigning values to variables:

# Assign a variable
var1 <- 5

# Global variable
var2 <<- 8

# also same
5 -> var1

8 ->> var2

# Print the variables
var1
var2

Note: <<- is a global assigner. You will learn more about this in the Global Variable chapter from W3 Schools.

It is also possible to turn the direction of the assignment operator.

x <- 3 is equal to 3 -> x

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to comparing two values:

Operator	Name	Example
==	Equal	x == y
!=	Not equal	x != y
>	Greater than	x > y
<	Less than	x < y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Operator	Description
&	Element-wise Logical AND operator. It returns TRUE if both elements are TRUE
&&	Logical AND operator - Returns TRUE if both statements are TRUE
|	Elementwise- Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE
||	Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE.
!	Logical NOT - returns FALSE if the statement is TRUE

NOTE: To understand the difference between & vs && and | vs ||click on the following link: R Basics 9 - Difference between single and double AND OR statements - & vs && and | vs ||

Miscellaneous Operators

Miscellaneous operators are used to manipulating data:

Operator	Description	Example
:	Creates a series of numbers in a sequence	x <- 1:10
%in%	Find out if an element belongs to a vector	x %in% y
%*%	Matrix Multiplication	x <- Matrix1 %*% Matrix2

Sources of the contents on this page:

1. R Operators | W3School